Guide to evidence for health-related  social needs interventions: 2022 update

This updated evidence guide is intended for users of the Return on Investment (ROI) Calculator for Partnerships to Address the Social Determinants of Health, sponsored by the Commonwealth Fund. It summarizes our most recent assessment of the evidence available for the calculator to establish a business case for sustainable financial arrangements between health care and community-based organizations serving adults with complex health and social needs. Holistically addressing social and medical needs can improve health outcomes and may produce health care savings as well, by reducing use of expensive health care services such as emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and nursing home stays.