Improving identification of patients experiencing homelessness in the electronic health record: A curated registry approach

BACKGROUND: Identification of persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) within healthcare systems is critical to facilitate patient and population-level interventions to address health inequities. 

OBJECTIVE: We created an enhanced electronic health record (EHR) registry to improve identification of PEH within a safety net healthcare system. DESIGN: We compared patients identified as experiencing homelessness in 2021, stratified by method of identification (i.e., through registration data sources versus through new EHR registry criteria). 

MAIN MEASURES: Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, healthcare utilization, engagement with homeless service providers, and mortality. 

KEY RESULTS: In total, 10,896 patients met the registry definition of a PEH; 30% more than identified through standard registration processes; 78% were identified through only one data source. Compared with those identified only through registration data, PEH identified through new registry criteria were more likely to be female (42% vs. 25%, p < 0.001), Hispanic/Latinx or Black/African American (30% versus 25% and 25% vs. 18%, p < 0.0001), and Medicaid or Medicare beneficiaries (74% vs. 67% and 16% vs.10%, respectively, p < 0.0001). New data sources also identified a higher proportion of patients: at extremes of age (16% < 18 years and 9% ≥ 65 years vs. 2% and 5%, respectively, p < 0.0001), with increased clinical risk (31% with CRG 6-9 vs. 18%, p < 0.0001), and with a mental health diagnosis (56% vs. 42%, p < 0.0001), and a lower proportion of patients with a substance use diagnosis (39% vs. 54%, p < 0.0001) or criminal justice involvement (8% vs. 15%, p < 0.0001). Newly identified patients were more likely to be engaged in primary care (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.83-2.26) but less likely to be engaged with homeless service providers (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.63-0.77). 

CONCLUSIONS: Commonly utilized methods of identifying PEH within healthcare systems may underestimate the population and introduce reporting biases. Recognizing alternate identification methods may more comprehensively and inclusively identify PEH for intervention.