A standardized health-system specialty pharmacy approach to identify and address social determinants of health

PURPOSE: Screening for and addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) is crucial to achieve health equity, but standardizing this process is challenging. Health-system specialty pharmacy (HSSP) teams are uniquely positioned to expand and operationalize this process. The objective of this study was to report the program statistics and outcomes of an HSSP-led SDOH screening and referral process in an outpatient setting. 

METHODS: In August 2023, a pilot SDOH screening program was initiated at an outpatient HIV clinic in Gulfport, MS, which is serviced by an integrated HSSP. This retrospective, observational study evaluated clinical data from program initiation through March 2024. Study participants were adults living with HIV who were being clinically managed by the HSSP. Notable endpoints assessed included the screen positive rate, the social needs identified, the frequency and outcomes of SDOH-related referrals, and resources provided by the pharmacist. 

RESULTS: Forty-four patients with a median age of 53 years (interquartile range, 43-61 years) were screened during the study period (male: n = 29, 66%; black/African American: n = 24, 55%). The screen positive rate was 59% (n = 26), and food insecurity (54%) and transportation challenges (46%) were the most commonly identified social needs. Among those with an identified need, 96% (n = 25) requested and received assistance, with 88% (n = 22) receiving a referral to the county social worker or outpatient social services team. Beyond referrals, the pharmacist provided resources for 77% (n = 22) of patients. 

CONCLUSION: HSSP teams can play a significant role in identifying and addressing patients' unmet social needs. This comprehensive, personalized approach aims to eliminate barriers to care, improve medication adherence, and enhance clinical outcomes.